Method of making matches.



J. A. E. ORISWELL. METHOD OF MAKING MATCHES.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. a, 1908.

Patented Mar. 28, 1911.

i uiwuz J. A, E, CRISWELL. METHOD OF MAKING MATCHES. APPLICATION FILEDSEPT.3.1908.

Patented Mar. 28, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2 J. A. E. GRISWELL. METHOD OF MAKING MATGHES.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. a, 1908.

Fatented Mar. 28, 191

4 SHEETSSHEET 3.

J. A. E. CRISWELLQ METHOD OF MAKING MATCHES.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. s. 1908.

988,254, Patented Mar. 28 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

011 a my JAMES A. EKIN GRISVVELL, OF NEW YORK, IN". Y.

METHOD or MAKING MATCHES.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented 3131', 28, 1911,

Applicatioafiled September 3, 1908. Serial No. 451,515.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J inns A. EKIN CarswnLL, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of New York, borough of Brooklyn, countyof Kings,and State of New York, have i'ntonted certain new and usefulImprovements in Methods of Making Matches, of which the following is afull, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to matches and the method of making matchsplints, and more particularly to forming round splints from material apart or whole of which is in a plastic or semi-elastic state.

The primary bbject of the invention is to provide a system int whichmaterial ordinarily going to waste'or used for other purposes may beutilized to make matches.

Other objects are to provide a system in which there is a large outputof splints with a minimum of waste and in ivhich finished splints ofvarious shapes may be produced and which may be of one or a series ofcolors as desired, and to providea systen'i in which the splints may bemade of a uniform quality and with suflicient rigidity and strength tomaterially reduce their liability to break while using, and at the sametime produce splints that will ignite and burn properly.

A further object of the invention is to provide composite matches ineach of which there will be a strengthening body and which will beattractive in appearance.

The invention will be hereinafter more particularly described withreference to the accompanying drawings which form a part of thisspecification, and will then be pointed out in the claims at the end ofthe description. 1

In the drawings, Figure l is a side elevation, partly in section andpartly diagrammatic, of one means for carrying the invention intopractice. Fig. 1 is a plan view of one set of rolls which may beutilized in carrying out my method. Fig. 2 is an enlarged elevation,partly in section and partly diagrammatic, of part of the apparatusshown in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary elevation of one formof device for forming the material into splints. Fig. 3 is a sideelevation of one form of machine for making one or more of the outerlayers. Figs. 4 and 5 are diagrammatic views showing how various layersand kinds of layers may be united. Fig/6 is an end View of still anotherform of series of layers. F 1g. 7 shows the layers in Fig. 6 after beingformed or partly formed into splints; Fig.

8 is a detail perspective view of one of the fnnshcd matches. Fig, 9shows how one of the layers may be caused to pass through a liquidbefore being united with the other' layers; and Fig. 10 is an elevationof means for assisting in arranging the fibers, strands or filaments ofmaterial that does not require to be cut or shredded as it enters theapparatus.

The tank 10, Fig. 3, contains a wood-pulp stock from which a layer orweb is made. The pulp is collected by the cylinder 11 from which it iscouched by a roll 12 on to the apron or felt 13 as is usual in papermaking machines, and then 'asses between the rolls 14 which forces someof the moisture out of the web or layer 15. As shown two layers 16 and16 of this Wetpulp of the proper thickness is formed and either or bothare fed from reels 17 on which it has been previously rolled. The layerof pulp l6 has fine dry powder as flour or starch, blown over itssurface from a receptacle 18 by means of a fan 19, and both layers 16and 16 pass between the rolls 20 forming a preliminary compressing andsplint-forming device. A layer 21 of wood, straw or bagasse, prepared ashereinafter explained is fed direct over the drum or cylinder 22 betweenthe latter and a roll 23 on to a traveling apron Q4. The layer 21 has asuitable adhesive substance as powdered flour or starch supplied to andscattered over its surface from a receptacle25. The three layers are ofsuch a thickness that when properly compressed they make a compositelayer of justt-hethickness of the splints The layers 16, 16 and 21 asthey pass be tween the rolls 20 will be pressed together and theadhesive substance between the layers will cause them to form acomposite layer or web of splints. The rolls 20 are fluted r roovcd,Fig. 2, and besides forming the composite layer they also partially formthe layer into splints. This web passes through a second compressingdevice 26. The device 26 comprises two grooved rolls 27 similar to rolls20, which are adapted to s g complete compressing the material into thisshape of finished long splints as best shown in Fig. 2*. If not entirelysevered from each other the splints pass between a cutting device 28 ofa match-making machine suclt as shown in my Patent No. 656,014, datedAugust 14, 1900, or my Patents 716,810, 716,815, and other of my patentsissued December 23, 1902. As shown the cutting device consists of ametallic roll 29 and a series of cutters 30 spaced the width of thesplints on a spindle 31 and after being cutwhole of strands or filamentsas best shown,

in crosssection in Fig. 2 and where such filaments or shreds are cut ormade from material that is larger than is suitable for splints or as apart of said layer, the wood, bagasse; straw and similar material issubjected to the action of the sets of rolls 39, 10 and 41 as shown inFigs. 1 and 1. The wood or other material 13 fed inward by a travelingapron 42 overa table 43 to the set of cutting rolls 39. These rolls haveannular and V-shaped cutting devices 4.4 which cut the material in thedirection or its feed and these strands strips and'particles are causedto pass to the second set of rolls 4.0. These rolls have peripheral ribsor teeth 45 that extend transversely of the travel of the material andare adapted to break the strands or shreds somewhat and to better assistin forming a proper layer, from which the material passes to the smoothrolls 1]. that form the material into a better and compact layer of thedesired thickness, before passing around the drum or cylinder 22, a panas being provided beneath the shredding rolls to catch any material thatmight pass beneath said rolls.-

The layer 16 instead of passing from a reel as in Fig. 2 is shown aspassing around the pulleys 4e? and as, being formed by several layers orwebs d8 that are pressed together by the rolls 4L8. Two of these webshave a suitable adhesive substance as flour or starch blown over theirsurfaces from the hoppers a9, a blower being provided for this purposeas already explained. The splints after passing the rolls 27 and beforereaching the match machine, if not sufliclently dry,'pass through asuitable device 51 to dry the splints whether still joined together by afilm or not, and the splints are finished by hand, or automatical as inmy patents before mentioned. The carrier 52 of the machine52 takes thesplints and forces the same into a dipping carrier as in my Patent716,815. The dipping carrier :33 passes around suitable pulleys to theparatiin and composition apparatus 54; around the pulleys 55 back to themachine to again receive splints. Before returning assess to the machinethe completed splints are ejected from the dipping carrier by theejecting plungers 56-and are received by a conveyor 57in substantiallythe same manner as in my Patent 716,810, before re ferred to.

The method and operation of the apparatus will be readily understoodfrom the foregoing description when taken-in connection with theaccompanying drawings. The layers of wet pulp 16 and 16 after beingformed on a cylinder and couchedto the felt or run from the apron on tothe wire and couched to the felt of asuitable paper making machine suchas a Fourdrinier or a modification of the same or otherwise is caused topass with the intermediate layer 21 of strengthening fiber or shreddedwood,

bagasse, straw, etc. between the rolls 20.

The corrugated composite layer passes between the splint-forming device25 and from there thr gh a drier 51 it necessary, and

then to a match-making machine and the 7 matches completed as disclosedin my patents referred to or in the usual or in any preferred manner.

While I have described certain means for carrying the invention intopractice it will be understood that various means. apparatus orcombinations may be employedtcn' this purpose and that the layers may beof any suitable material and may be arranged in various ways withrespect to each other. In Fig. 1 the fibrous material or layer 21 may befed to the layer of pulp while on the felt or apron 13. This layer maybe then used or in combination with others to make the splints. Theintermediate layer 37 shown in Fig. 5 is a veneer of wood or may be aweb of paper or paper board, and this layer 37 is combined with thelayers 16 and 16* and may be formed into splints in substantially thesame manner-as already described. The central layer 38 in Fig 6 is ofindependent cores of: any suitable shape and material. The outer layersare also of any suitable material as pulp and preferably have someadhesive substance between them so that when passed between rolls in themanner indicated they will be formed into independent splints or splintsheld together witha thin film as in Fig. 7. In this latter case thesplints are made into complete splints as already described or in anypreferred way.

The material may be first made in a sheet or strip form and then ifnecessary softened to make the matches. As one means for this purposethe device shown in Fig. 9 may be employed.- The layer 58 beforereaching the splint-forming rolls is caused to pass around pulleys 59and inbontactwith a liquid, as water, in a pan or, receptacle (30 andthen around pulleys to the splint-forming device;

In Fig. is shown one means for arranging the long fibers of previouslyshredded Thelargc drum or cylinder til-has a series of, peripherallyspaced serrated and ,circu lar lates 62, adjacent to which-rotate thesum plates only a portion of the serrated surface 10- the threadsproperlyarranged lengthwise of the layer preparatory to its properformation or compression. The device shown is like-certain features of acarding engine. If desired, one layer jmaybe made of one color andanother orthe others of the. same or of different colors and these maybe colored atany suitable stage. of the process so that the finishedsplintswill be differently colored. The cheapest kind of- :material maybe used as a filler or to make the entire splints and to make the partsadhere better any suitable adhesive 0t glutinous substance may be addedat any suitable st ageof'the" proeess. A device such as shown inFig 9.might be employed for this purpose.

= In practice it is intended to use excelsior, saw-dust, shavings,straw, seaweed, old paper, fiber of any suitable kinder other materialbe macerated and may be chemically or mechanically treated .as byboiling or bleaching or otherwise treated with or without chemicals orother'ingrcdients mixed therethe manufacture or the splints may bedipped and treated as usual; and where cotton orsuch fiber-mixed or notwith other material is used to form a layer, it may be treated with asuitable chemical to prevent glowing. A-device such as shown'in-Fig'. 9

' also might be employed for this purpose. The pressure orother meansused in forming the splints is regulated so as to avoid having thesplints too compact fortreatment tocomplete the matches or to destroythe strong. match, and any"- suitable means or ymaterlalimay be employedto increasethe homogeneity of the-splints. s. The layers ma be fedfrom-reels-where the"material- 'wil permit- Tend any suitable b of ay sm yb f lloys mpressmgrol s 26 inig be substi- -iwll-bfefig ,is desirablethe 1 splints may be er cylinders 63 with similar serrated:

being shown "The material in passing be-- tween the several drums orcylinders has ed to give strength and rigidity to the wood which in manyinstances go to waste. These or any of the material employed may:

with to make them suitable for use in the.

.i u'alities necessary to a free burning and" dnthe fir'stinstance, andin any case I caused to pass between rolls or other'polishing means. v

While reference has'beenmade particu- 'larly to round matches it will beunderstood that these maybe of'aiiy desired shape, and 170 may bemade,cut-or formed in any desired manner; T g j By shredded material orshredded woody. material is intendedto mean wood proper, bagasse, straw,or other material 3?: that is not first reduced to pulp and thatcontainsthreads, filaments, or strands, united or not with othermaterial and that is adapt- 86 It will be seen rom the foregoing that astrong and-eiii'ciente match is produced, and each splint may beprovided with acentrarl strengthening core and an outer coating. It willbe, seen also that the splints may be made .ofI-any suitableiform and invery large uantities'with' very little waste and with t e possibilityof; turning out poorsplints or splints that; are not: uniform in'size.andquality reduced to a minimum, at 90 the same time permittingtheutilization in. the manufabt'ureiof atches of cheap materialand-material that ordinarily goes to Lwaste .or-is bumedgfor lack ofother-"means of dispositiom j T55 "7 Having thus described; myinventionji claim as new and, desire; to secureby Lmrs Patent: f- 1 1'.In the manufactureof matches, the

pulprorlayfers of ulp.

'method which consists in takingtwo independent soft layers of woodpulp, interpos i ing between. the two layers of pulp aflayerv or web ofshredded woody (material havingthreads or strands extending lengthwiseof the web and adapted 'to'iormafstrengthen- 105. ing and stifienin'gbody to; the. wood-pulp layers, uniting the'combined layers togetherunder pressure and simultaneously forming splints as-the'layersarecombined.

p 2. The'methd-ofmaking matches, which 0 ,consists in Storming alayer'of shredded wood material having long fibrous threads;

or strands arranged lengthwiseof'the layer, and unitingi avith the woodystrandsof woody materialwoodlpulgand formingthe' I splints from thecombined Strands andpulp whereby the said: strands may serve 'tostrengthen andfstifi'en "the splints for the, purpose seHortl},.- V 3.The method ofniiQh'g meshes; consists in collecting f-woodspn ing twowet layers;o f the same, 1n rp a layer oflon-gzfibrbus met bllibetvrgentwo layers of the pulp,- .'and' thenform p r I j sphntsfrom the comb nedlayers to provide 'z instead of; the several-setsjof splint form:-

rolls being-emplo ed, the s lint-forminga strengtheninggcoreffor each.splint, for, the". purpose'setforth; I r 4. The method ofmaking-matches,which; consists in collecting wood pulp and form;

ing two wet layers of the same,.interposing,

he. I I

a layer of long fibrous material. with its fiber extending lengthwise ofthe layer between the two layers of pulp, and SllbJQCllllg the combinedlayers to pressure to form splints each of which-has a strengtheningcore substan.-- tially as and for the purpose described.

5. The method of making matches, which consists in forming one or moresheet-like layers of wood pulp, distributing a layer of fibrous materialon to the pulp and while the pulp is in a soft or wet state subjectingthe combined layers to pressure to form splints, separating the splintsand then holding the splints for treatment to complete the matches.

6. In the manufacture of matches, the combination of independent softlayers of wood .pulp and intermediate fibrous or shredded woody materialhaving threads on strands extending lengthwise of the web and adapted toform a strengthening and stiffen ing body to the wood pulp layers, thecombined layers of material being united together under pressure thusforming splints.

' '7. In the. manufacture of matches, the method which consists inuniting wood that has not been reduced to pulp, and wood pulp, forming aweb of match splints therefrom by compressing the pulp and the wood, andcutting the web.

8. The method of making matches, which consists in collecting wood pulpand uniting with it an independent layer of fibrous material, andforming a web of match splints therefrom by compression and while thepulp is soft so that each splint will have an inner core and an outercasing or cover.

9. The method of making matches, which consists in uniting materialhaving long woody fibers, and wood pulp, and forming a Web of matchsplints therefrom by compreseases ously forming splints as the layersare combined.

11. In the manufacture of matches, the method wh h consists in forming asheetlike layer 6 shredded woody material. having long fibrous threadsor strands arranged lengthwise ojzt the layer, and uniting with thewoody strands of woody material wood pulp, and forming the splints fromthe combined. strands and pulp whereby the said strands may serve tostrengthen and stifien the splints for the purpose set forth.

12. In the manufacture of matches, the method which consists in takinglong strands or filaments of a fibrous material, uniting wood pulp withthe strands, and forming a web of match splints with the strandsextending lengthwise of the match bodies whereby said bodies arestrengthened,

This specification signed and witnessed this second day of September A.D. 1908.

JAMES A. EKIN CRISVVELL.

Witnesses M. TURNER, A. Rnmronn.

and then cutting the web into match splints.

